THE SYMPOSIUM

It is our great pleasure to invite you to participate in the "IX International Symposium on Mineral Nutrition of Fruit Crops" to be held on June 28-30, under the aegis of the ISHS.

As the number of COVID-19 infections continue to rise globally, and restrictions regarding travel and gatherings of multi-participant events resume, we have decided, with the support of the ISHS, to re-organize the upcoming symposium into an on-line format. The dates will remain as scheduled, June 28th–June 30th, 2021.

The objective of the symposium is to share interdisciplinary, fundamental and applied knowledge of the diverse aspects of fruit crop nutrition.

Topics 

  • Physiological aspects of mineral nutrition
  • Genetics and plant nutrition
  • Sustainable approaches to nutrient management (including soil management, intercropping and biofertilisers)
  • Diagnosis of plant nutrient status
  • Plant nutrient status and fruit quality
  • Bioactive compounds and mineral nutrition
  • Role of plant-microbe interactions in mineral nutrition
  • Trends in fertilizer consumption
  • Nutrient losses
  • Mineral supply technology
  • Rootstock and root architecture
  • Plant mineral nutrition and human nutrition
  • Mineral nutrition under arid conditions
  • Interactions between water quality and nutrition
  • Sensing, data and tools for decision-making
  • Interactions between biotic and abiotic stressors and nutrition

Students and "Young Minds"

We encourage students and early career scientists to participate in the symposium. Students are offered a significant discount in registration costs. Students and junior scientists can participate in competition for ISHS Young Minds awards for best presentations. If you qualify, make sure to indicate such when you submit your abstract. 

Awards:

  • Best Oral Presentation Award
  • Best Poster Award

INVITED SPEAKERS

  • Prof. Patrick H. Brown
    University of California-Davis
    USA

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    Prof. Patrick H. Brown

  • Prof. Lee Kalcsits
    Washington State University
    USA

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    Prof. Lee Kalcsits

  • Prof. Tanja Mimmo
    Free University of Bolzano
    Italy

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    Prof. Tanja Mimmo

  • Prof. Oene Oenema
    Wageningen Environmental Research
    Netherlands

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    Prof. Oene Oenema

  • Prof. Dani Shtienberg
    Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute
    Israel

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    Prof. Dani Shtienberg

  • Dr. A. K. Srivastava
    ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute
    India

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    Dr. A. K. Srivastava

  • Prof. Fusuo Zhang
    China Agricultural University
    China

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    Prof. Fusuo Zhang

Prof. Patrick H. Brown

Professor, Plant SciencesUniversity of California-DavisUSA

Bio:

Dr. Brown has been a Professor with the University of California, Department of Plant Sciences since 1988. Dr. Brown's research and outreach program has focused on development and implementation of information on the function of plant nutrients and on the management of fertilizer resources with a focus on high value crops. Dr. Brown is recognized globally as a leader in both basic and applied plant nutrition research and has made many important contributions to basic research and the Californian and Global industry with specific advances in the management of boron, potassium, nitrogen, zinc, foliar fertilization and salinity. Dr. Brown has authored more than 180 scientific journal articles, numerous industry focused practical management guidelines. Key contributions that Dr. Brown has made include, the identification of nickel as an essential element, founding research in the determination of the function, uptake and transport of boron in plants. Dr. Brown is recognized as a leading expert on nutrient management, foliar fertilization and the use of biostimulants in tree crops. Currently, Dr. Brown is at the forefront of developing management strategies for nitrogen in Californian Agriculture and is a key advisor to industry, water coalitions and water boards in the development of rational and effective strategies to manage nitrogen in Californian systems to achieve high productivity and system sustainability.

Dr. Brown graduated with a BSc (first class honors) from the University of Adelaide, Australia (1974), and Ph.D, from Cornell University, USA (1988) in Agronomy and Plant Nutrition. He has received awards for excellence in research and extension from the United States Department of Agriculture, the International Society of Plant Nutrition, Fluid Fertilizer Institute, and Potassium Industry Association. He serves as editor and associate editor for several academic journals, as scientific advisor to several industry groups and water coalitions and was past president of the International Plant Nutrition Society.

Title:

Nitrogen Regulations and Changes in California Agriculture – A Case Study

Abstract:

Intense nitrogen use in California’s irrigated high value crops has resulted in the imposition of the United State’s strictest nitrogen use regulations. The challenge of maintaining productivity and profitability in these input intensive, high-value and long-lived cropping systems, while protecting the environment, was the genesis for a series of highly multidisciplinary research and extension projects that will be described in this presentation. 

As a prelude to this project, grower and stakeholder surveys and listening sessions were conducted to identify the socioeconomic, educational and technological determinants of historic N management practices and findings were used to target our research, educational and outreach programs. Field and laboratory experimentation were then conducted to improve our understanding of the biology of N in tree crops and to better characterize the environmental transport and fate of applied N under different management scenarios. Extensive outreach and educational activities and the collaborative development of appropriate and approachable technologies were also undertaken. To further refine our strategies, identify knowledge and practice gaps and continue to affect change, an extensive survey of the ‘barriers to adoption of new nitrogen management strategies’ is underway.  Collectively this multidisciplinary approach has resulted in discernable improvements in N management in the high value crops of California.

This highly collaborative project has resulted in the development and implementation of improved practices and a sound regulatory framework that has been embraced by the industry. The trajectory of this long-term project, the lessons learned, and mistakes made, will be described.

Prof. Lee Kalcsits

Assistant Professor
Tree Fruit Physiology
Department of HorticultureWashington State UniversityUSA

Bio:

Dr. Lee Kalcsits is an assistant professor of tree fruit physiology in the Department of Horticulture at the Washington State University Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center in Wenatchee, Washington, USA. He completed a B.S.A in Horticulture and a M.S. in Tree Physiology at the University of Saskatchewan and a Ph.D. in Forestry and Tree Physiology at the University of British Columbia. For this work, he received the Marschner Young Scientist Award at the International Plant Nutrition Colloquium in Istanbul, Turkey in 2013. After a short postdoctoral stint at the University of Victoria, he accepted his position in 2014 with WSU working on apple, pear, and cherry. His research program works towards understanding the interactions between environment, horticultural management and genetics of tree fruit. Currently his work is focused on understanding the mechanisms contributing to calcium-related disorders and symptoms of abiotic stress in apple and developing strategies to mitigate those problems.

Title:

Recent Advances In Methods for Measuring Nutrient Uptake, Distribution, and Localization in Perennial Fruit Crops

Abstract:

Macronutrient uptake and distribution to developing fruit is critical for ensuring high yields of disorder-free fruit. Physiological disorders arising from either unbalanced uptake and/or distribution can increase losses to producers. Advances in methods are needed that better quantify nutrient composition and distribution across time and space to address these complex disorders. Publicly accessible synchrotron facilities are available to measure micro-scale distributions in nutrients using x-ray fluorescence contributing to nutrient related disorders. Micro-scale differences in potassium and calcium distribution and speciation are associated with bitter pit incidence in apple. Bitter pit is also associated with differences in cellular structure, porosity, and cell volume measured using synchrotron micro-computed tomography imaging. In field environments, existing orchards maintain such large pools of nutrients that are cycled within the tree and, annually, between the soil and the tree. Small differences in bulk nutrient composition can translate to large differences in productivity and fruit quality. To increase confidence in small differences frequently observed for field research, large numbers of measurements are often required. Non-destructive, high throughput measurements are possible using the same x-ray fluorescence technology using in synchrotron and lab environments but using a hand-held x-ray device. These measurements provide opportunities to better quantify changes in tissue nutrient concentration in vivo across time and in-space. Lastly, stable isotope and analog tracers can be used to differentiate between pre-existing nutrient pools and newly acquired nutrients. Most commonly used for nitrogen, the increasing availability of other stable isotopes and analogs have increased the practicality for long-term use in greenhouse and field environments. Increasing opportunities for new methods that either increase the resolution of which we can quantify nutrient distribution or increase the number of replications to better understand changes in nutrient composition through time and space are providing new opportunities for research in mineral nutrition of fruit crops. 

Prof. Tanja Mimmo

Professor of Agricultural Chemistry at the Faculty of Science and TechnologyFree University of BolzanoItaly

Bio:

Tanja Mimmo is an associate Professor in Agricultural Chemistry at the Faculty of Science and Technology of the Free University of Bolzano, Italy since 2015. She completed a M.S. in Chemistry at the University of Bologna and a PhD in Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences at the University of Torino. She was visiting scientist at the Federal University of Santa Maria and the Santa Caterina State University in Brazil, at the Technische Universität München, Germany and at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria. She is an expert in rhizosphere biogeochemistry focusing on the dynamics of elements triggered by the soil-plant-microorganisms interactions. Her research is focused on the mobilization, uptake and allocation of elements in plants applying chemical, biochemical, molecular and physiological approaches.

Title:

Rhizosphere Dynamics: Plant-Soil-Microorganisms Interactions Triggering Nutrient Mobilization and Uptake Mechanisms

Abstract:

The rhizosphere is the narrow region of soil surrounding plant roots. This distinctive, holistic and dynamic volume of soil is shaped by interactions between roots, soil and microorganisms, both in time and space triggering continuously co-occurring chemical, biological, biochemical and physical interactions. Root exudates and microorganisms represent thereby the two most significant driving forces. Indeed, root exudates comprise a plethora of plant-derived primary and secondary metabolites and are involved in fundamental process such as nutrient mobilization and uptake, metal detoxification, soil organic matter turnover, etc. Indeed, playing a key role in ecosystem response to biotic and abiotic stress factors and more in general to any environmental change, they have been identified as signal molecules for the recruitment of beneficial microorganisms. Several nutrients, in particular trace elements, are mainly either adsorbed or structural components of soil minerals, whereas the plant-available fraction is very often below the one required for an optimal plant growth. Root exudates might interact with the minerals leading to mineral weathering and thus to the mobilization of trace elements with a consequent increase in their plant available fraction. However, root exudates have short half-lives because of the large microbial activity within the rhizosphere, which might limit their effects on nutrient mobility and acquisition. In addition, exudates also have a selective effect on the microbial community present in the rhizosphere. The presentation will provide an overview of the rhizosphere processes involved in plant nutrient acquisition focusing on some specific micro-and macronutrients (iron, copper and phosphorus) in conditions of nutrient starvation or toxicity. In particular, the presentation will provide an overview of i) the mobilization potential of root exudates including aspects of mineral weathering, ii) microbe–plant interactions focusing on beneficial microbial communities and their association with plants, iii) plant–soil interactions involving the metabolic changes triggered by nutrient deficiency. 

Prof. Oene Oenema

Professor in Nutrient Management and Soil FertilityWageningen Environmental ResearchNetherlands

Bio:

Oene Oenema was borne on a dairy farm in Friesland. He has BSc in Agronomy, MSc in Soil Science and Plant Nutrition and PhD in Marine Geochemistry. His research interest are in nutrient cycling and management in agro-ecosystems. From 1994, he is professor in Nutrient Management and Soil Fertility at Wageningen University. He is chair of the scientific committee on the nutrient management policy in The Netherlands, and distinguished professor at China Agricultural University in Beijing. He is (co)author of some 200 papers in peer refereed scientific journals (H-factor 81; total citations 22872; source: Google Scholar; 20-11-2019). He likes cycling.

Title:

Nutrient Management in Fruit Crops and the Need to Minimize Nutrient Losses

Abstract:

This paper reviews trends in nutrient management in fruit production, with an emphasis on European Union (EU). We review changes in nutrient management strategies and their impacts on orchard performance and nutrient balances of some main fruit crops, in response to changes in consumer demands, technological developments and governmental policies.

There are about 1.5 million farms managing fruit orchards and 2.5 million farms managing vineyards in EU-27. Together these farms cover 4 % of the utilized agricultural area. Roughly one-third of these farms is specialized. Main producers are Spain, Italy, France, Germany and Poland. Dominant crops are grapes, almonds, apples and pears. The total value of fruits is more than 10% of the total value of all agricultural goods and services produced in the EU. However, the EU is also a main importer of fruits. 

Nutrient and water management are important components in orchard management for enhancing fruit yield and fruit quality. Optimizing nutrient and water management is a key factor for increasing net financial returns and for decreasing nutrient losses and the environmental impacts of fruit production. Nutrient and water management also influences pest and disease management, and the longevity of the orchard. There is a bewildering diversity in both fruit types and cultivars, as well as in soil and climatic conditions in global fruit production systems. This diversity greatly influences nutrient demands by the crop and the indigenous nutrient supply by the soil, and thus requests for orchard and site-specific nutrient management. While the emphasis is often on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as the main fruit yield and quality limiting nutrients, secondary nutrients and micro-nutrients may also greatly influence fruit yield and quality. This is especially the case in soils with low or high pH, and in soils with low organic matter content and poor structure. 

Two diverting trends in nutrient management may be distinguished. Organic fruit production is steadily increasing (currently 5 to 10% of the total fruit area), and here the emphasis is on improving soil fertility, often through increasing soil organic matter via manuring. In high-tech orchards the emphasis is on optimizing the nutrient concentrations in the crop (often grown in containers) through delivering targeted portions of soluble nutrients through fertigation. However, in most conventional orchards the emphasis is in between those contrasting nutrient management strategies; here the focus is on both improving soil fertility and nutrient concentrations in the leaves, based on both soil and plant analyses. Governmental regulations, quality marks and certification increasingly force growers to follow a certain nutrient management strategy, and to monitor changes in nutrient concentrations and to achieve certain standards. 

Prof. Michael Raviv

Dept. of Environmental HorticultureAgricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani CenterIsrael

Bio:

Michael Raviv is an emeritus Professor of the Agricultural Research Organization, Israel, to which he was affiliated since 1971 (http://www.agri.gov.il/en/people/721.aspx).

His main interests are in plant nutrition in Organic Agriculture, growing plants in soilless media, composting, compost uses and their activity against soil-borne diseases. Since 1995 and until 2016 he taught an academic course on Organic Agriculture in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Over the years he published over 150 scientific papers. In addition he edited or co-edited 7 books, including the book: Soilless Culture: Theory and Practice (https://www.elsevier.com/books/soilless-culture-theory-and-practice/raviv/978-0-444-52975-6#audience) published by Elsevier. A second edition has recently been published (https://www.elsevier.com/books/soilless-culture-theory-and-practice/raviv/978-0-444-63696-6).

Michael has a long-term experience in various composting techniques aimed at producing composts suitable for soil improvement, plant nutrition, growing media and suppressiveness against a wide variety of soil-borne diseases.

Title:

Potential Contribution of Organic Matter to Plant Nutrition

Prof. Dani Shtienberg

Senior Research Scientist
Department of Plant Pathology and Weed ResearchAgricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani InstituteIsrael

Bio:

Prof. Shtienberg is a senior research scientist in the Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan, and as an Adjunct Professor of Plant Pathology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. He completed his studies in the Faculty of Agriculture, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and received his PhD in 1987. He joined the ARO in 1991. During the years 2004-5 he spent a sabbatical leave at the University of Adelaide, South Australia and HortResearch, Auckland, New Zealand. He served as the President of the Israeli Phytopathological Society (1994-1996), the head of the Departments of Nematology (2000-2001) and Plant Pathology and Weed Research (2006-2008) at the ARO. In 2016 he was nominated as the Deputy Director for strategic development of the ARO.

Prof. Shtienberg's interests lie in the area of plant disease epidemiology, modeling and crop loss assessment. He has developed IPM strategies and decision support systems for management of foliar pathogens of numerous crops. Among which are Ascochyta blight on chickpea, Septoria tritici blotch and rusts of wheat, rust of sunflowers, early and late blight of potatoes, Alternaria in cotton and carrots, fire blight in pears, bacterial canker of tomatoes, and gray mold in basil, tomatoes and cucumbers. Prof. Shtienberg has published more than 170 scientific papers and review articles in various international journals and proceedings of symposia and 100 papers in Hebrew. He has been the major supervisor of more than 30 graduate students in plant pathology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Bar-Ilan University.

Title:

The Role of Calcium Concentration in the Endocarp Wall of Apple Fruit in the Development of Core Rot

Abstract:

Alternaria alternata is the predominant fungus involved in moldy core and core rot of Red Delicious apples. The term moldy core is used to describe a situation in which fungal mycelium is evident within the loculus (the ovary or seed cavity) without penetration into the mesoderm (flesh) of the apple. If invasive penetration into the mesoderm occurs, the resulting rot is described as core rot. The pathogen colonizes the loculus (the ovary or seed cavity) of most fruits in Israel. No correlation was found between tree yield load and moldy core, but core rot incidence was inversely related to yield load. Furthermore, irrespective of tree yield load, core rot was more abundant on large compared with small fruits. We hypothesized that invasion of A. alternata mycelium colonizing the loculus into the mesoderm (flesh) of apple fruit is governed by the calcium (Ca) concentration in the loculus wall (endocarp): low Ca concentration facilitates pathogen invasion and results in the development of core rot and high Ca concentration precludes the invasion, containing the pathogen in the loculus. Results of eight experiments carried out in commercial orchards supported this hypothesis. However, attempts to increase Ca concentration in the endocarp wall by diverting Ca transport from the leaves to the developing fruit and by applying commercial products containing Ca directly to the developing fruit were unsuccessful. Thus, the validity of this approach for suppression of core rot incidence could not be verified.   

Dr. A. K. Srivastava

Visiting Professor at Huazhong Agricultural University and Yangtze University, China
Principal Scientist (Soil Science), ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, India

Bio:

Dr. A.K. Srivastava joined Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) on December 5, 1989 in Soil Science - Pedology. Currently perched as Principal Scientist (Soil Science) at ICAR - Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur. Having received his M.Sc. (Ag) and Ph.D in Soil Science from world famous Banaras Hindu University, in 1984 and 1988, respectively. He has extensively pursued research work on different aspects of Citrus Nutrition like nutrient constraints analysis of citrus orchards by developing DRIS-based soil-plant nutrient diagnostics, orchard efficiency modeling, targeted yield-based site specific nutrient management exploiting spatial variability in soil fertility, citrus rhizosphere specific microbial consortium and soil carbon loading, INM module, nutrient mapping using geospatial tools, transformation of soil microbial biomass nutrients within citrus rhizosphere and soil  fertility map as decision support tool for fertilizer recommendation. Handled 15 projects as Principal Investigator and 17 projects as Co-Principal Investigator. Credited with 140 Research Papers and 43 Policy Review. Received the awards like S.N.Ranade Award for Excellence in Micronutrient Research, FAI Silver Jubilee Award, International Plant Nutrition Institute-FAI Award, etc. Life Member of as many as 32 academic societies with rich peer reviewed editorial experience, besides Honorary Member of World Association of Soil and Water Conservationists. Inducted as fellow of 10 professional academic societies. Authored the books like Citrus: Climate and Soil, Citrus Nutrition Advances in Citrus Nutrition by Springer-Verlag, The Netherland. He was keynote speaker in World Citrus Congress at Wuhan, China.

Title:

Diagnosis and Management of Nutrient Constraints in Citrus: Major Breakthroughs

Abstract:

Nutrient responsive nature of citrus often predisposes the crop to multiple nutrient deficiencies, causing severe economic manifestations on quality production, a formidable challenge to nutritionists. The crop-based soil health care is basic to any conventional citrus nutrition program. But, still a bigger challenge lies in diagnosing the genesis of crop growth stage-based nutrient deficiency. Amongst destructive methods of nutrient diagnostics, no one is capable of identifying the nutritional disorders in the current season crop, thereby, aiming the outcome of diagnosis supposedly effective in next season crop. Flower analysis, though still in infancy stage, holds a better promise, since the tool offers a comparatively longer time from anthesis to fruit maturity to schedule the fertilizer recommendation. In recent past, thumping successes have accrued through spectral imaging of nutrient deficiencies as a part of real time diagnosis, tailoring fertilizer requirement in lieu of spatial variability of field through use of nutrient uptake–based site specific nutrient management, variable rate application-aided pulse fertigation, and soilless citrus under protected condition to ward off possible implication of  HLB. The conventional nutrient diagnostics and optimum fertilizer requirement both warrant imminent review for HLB-infected citrus orchards.

In developing nutrient-supply-chain, microbial inoculation of late, has assumed a much greater significance, ever since depleting soil organic carbon started sounding an alarm bell to unabated nutrient mining. Consortium of effective microbes showed a clear cut superiority over sole microbial inoculation, regulating the functional dynamics of rhizosphere through biofertigation as a newest concept of fertigation, a little known nutrient-supply-system in citrus. The concept of nutrient-use-efficiency (a version of nutrient holiday concept) applied on the principles of 4R Nutrient Stewardship provides an ultimate framework guide to fertilizer-use in citrus. Combined use of organic manures, microbial biofertilizers, and chemical fertilizers, coupled with an understanding on nutrient acquisition and regulating the water relations would help switch citrus orchards to a better CO2 sink, to evolve a more sound integrated soil fertility management, since a citrus cultivar evaluated under intensive and organic farming system may not perform with similar magnitude of success, but would be pivotal to nutritional qualities of citrus.

Prof. Fusuo Zhang

Dean of School of Agriculture Green Development (AGD)
President of National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentChina Agricultural UniversityChina

Bio:

Fusuo Zhang, Professor in Plant Nutrition. His research is mainly focused on how to realize high crop yield, high nutrient use efficiency and protect environment at the same time, in order to ensure food security and realize sustainable development in China. In last more than 30 years, he developed a series of integrated soil-crop and nutrient management technologies to increase crop yield and improve nutrient use efficiency, while reduce environmental footprint significantly. Through the vast network and governmental actions the great changes have been made for transformation of agriculture from sole high input and output to high yield, high efficiency and environmental sound. He has published over 400 peer-reviewed papers, including the prestige Science, Nature and PNAS and got 2007 IFA International Crop Nutrition Award as well as 2014 Award for Agricultural Science from The World Academy of Science. He pioneered a new model of transfer of knowledge to farmers and fertilizer industry and successfully tested in 15 provinces across China. He got 3 national and 5 province awards on science and technology advances, and has been elected to be the members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the member of the World Academy of Science and the International Eurasian Academy of Science.

Title:

Improving Nutrient Management for Food Security and Sustainability

Abstract:

Orchards account for about 5% of the arable land in the world, but consumed nearly 10% of global nitrogen (N) fertilizer. The excessive N application may result in a large amount of reactive nitrogen (Nr) loss, which aggravates the environment. However, much less is known about the fate of excessive N input in orchards at global scale. A meta-analysis by using data from 81 studies during 2000 to 2020 about 402 measurements from different countries was therefore performed to a) quantify N balance (N2O emission, NH3 volatilization, nitrate leaching, N runoff loss and net fruit N removal) in orchard ecosystem, and b) to identify the effect of N application rate and fruit tree type on Nr loss in orchards. The results showed that the N fertilizer input of global orchard ranged widely from 0-1173 kg N ha-1, and the mean value was 211.75 kg N ha-1. The mean N2O emission from orchard systems reached 5.02 (CI: 3.64-6.40) kg N2O-N ha-1 yr-1 with an estimated emission factor (EF) of 1.46% (CI: 1.12-1.18%), NH3 volatilization reached 8.20 (CI: 5.88-10.52) kg NH3-N ha-1 yr-1 with an estimated EF of 2.57% (CI: 1.73-4.40%), nitrate leaching reached 31.74 (CI:21.54-41.95) kg NO3--N ha-1 yr-1 with an estimated leaching factor (LF) 18.58% (CI: 10.01-27.15%), N runoff loss reached 13.34 (CI: 9.11-17.57) kg N ha-1 yr-1 with an estimated runoff factor (RF) of 2.75% (CI: 1.05-4.45%) and net fruit N removal 171.67 (CI: 142.61-200.73) kg N ha-1 yr-1 with an estimated net fruit N removal factor (NRF) of 20.10% (CI: 6.86-33.34%), the N was uptake for tree growth and fixed in soil accounted for about 54.54% (Fig 1). The loss of Nr increased significantly with the increase of N application rate, but the relationship between apparent EFN2O, EFNH3, LF and RF with N application was not significant. The N2O emission of evergreen fruit trees was 18.41% higher than that of deciduous fruit trees, but the nitrate leaching and N runoff loss of deciduous fruit trees were significantly higher than that of evergreen fruit trees. The apparent EFNH3 and LF of evergreen fruit trees were significantly higher than that of deciduous fruit trees. This work roughly quantified the global orchard N balance, analyzed the effect of N fertilizer input and fruit trees type on the orchard Nr loss, complemented the gap in the current analysis of orchard system N balance, and provided a certain theoretical basis for the study of the environmental effects of N fertilizer input in orchard system. However, experimental and model studies on reactive nitrogen loss in orchards still need to be strengthened in further.

REGISTRATION

Early Bird Special

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*Offer ends May 3, 2021

  1. Full participant
    1,750 NIS1,950 NIS
    Registration Fees Include:
    • Access to all scientific content in the program
    • Live Q&A with conference speakers
    • Online access to a VOD library of all lectures and panels up to 3 months after the conference dates
    • Exhibitor information and live chat with exhibitor representatives
    • Networking with colleagues
    • Copy of the Acta Horticulturae symposium proceedings
    • Opportunity to present an oral or poster presentation
    • Opportunity to have a paper published in the symposium proceedings
    • Opportunity to participate in the ISHS Young Minds awards for Students and junior scientists

  2. ISHS Member
    1,430 NIS1,630 NIS
    Registration Fees Include:
    • Access to all scientific content in the program
    • Live Q&A with conference speakers
    • Online access to a VOD library of all lectures and panels up to 3 months after the conference dates
    • Exhibitor information and live chat with exhibitor representatives
    • Networking with colleagues
    • Copy of the Acta Horticulturae symposium proceedings
    • Opportunity to present an oral or poster presentation
    • Opportunity to have a paper published in the symposium proceedings
    • Opportunity to participate in the ISHS Young Minds awards for Students and junior scientists

  3. Student
    1,100 NIS1,200 NIS
    Registration Fees Include:
    • Access to all scientific content in the program
    • Live Q&A with conference speakers
    • Online access to a VOD library of all lectures and panels up to 3 months after the conference dates
    • Exhibitor information and live chat with exhibitor representatives
    • Networking with colleagues
    • Copy of the Acta Horticulturae symposium proceedings
    • Opportunity to present an oral or poster presentation
    • Opportunity to have a paper published in the symposium proceedings
    • Opportunity to participate in the ISHS Young Minds awards for Students and junior scientists

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